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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_alias</h1>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides for mapping different parts of the host
    filesystem in the document tree and for URL redirection</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>alias_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_alias.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>

    <p>The directives contained in this module allow for manipulation
    and control of URLs as requests arrive at the server. The
    <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directives are used to
    map between URLs and filesystem paths.  This allows for content
    which is not directly under the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> served as part of the web
    document tree. The <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code> directive has the
    additional effect of marking the target directory as containing
    only CGI scripts.</p>

    <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code>
    directives are used to instruct clients to make a new request with
    a different URL. They are often used when a resource has moved to
    a new location.</p>

    <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> is designed to handle simple URL
    manipulation tasks.  For more complicated tasks such as
    manipulating the query string, use the tools provided by
    <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p>

</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#alias">Alias</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirectpermanent">RedirectPermanent</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#redirecttemp">RedirectTemp</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#order">Order of Processing</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li>
<li><a href="../urlmapping.html">Mapping URLs to the filesystem</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="order" id="order">Order of Processing</a></h2>

    <p>Aliases and Redirects occuring in different contexts are processed
    like other directives according to standard <a href="../sections.html#mergin">merging rules</a>.  But when multiple
    Aliases or Redirects occur in the same context (for example, in the
    same <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
    section) they are processed in a particular order.</p>

    <p>First, all Redirects are processed before Aliases are processed,
    and therefore a request that matches a <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> will never have Aliases
    applied.  Second, the Aliases and Redirects are processed in the order
    they appear in the configuration files, with the first match taking
    precedence.</p>

    <p>For this reason, when two or more of these directives apply to the
    same sub-path, you must list the most specific path first in order for
    all the directives to have an effect.  For example, the following
    configuration will work as expected:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
    Alias /foo/bar /baz<br />
    Alias /foo /gaq
    </code></p></div>

    <p>But if the above two directives were reversed in order, the
    <code>/foo</code> <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>
    would always match before the <code>/foo/bar</code> <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>, so the latter directive would be
    ignored.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Alias" id="Alias">Alias</a> <a name="alias" id="alias">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps URLs to filesystem locations</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Alias <var>URL-path</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>

    <p>The <code class="directive">Alias</code> directive allows documents to
    be stored in the local filesystem other than under the
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>. URLs with a
    (%-decoded) path beginning with <var>url-path</var> will be mapped
    to local files beginning with <var>directory-path</var>.  The
    <var>url-path</var> is case-sensitive, even on case-insensitive
    file systems.</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
      Alias /image /ftp/pub/image
    </code></p></div>

    <p>A request for <code>http://myserver/image/foo.gif</code> would cause
    the server to return the file <code>/ftp/pub/image/foo.gif</code>.  Only
    complete path segments are matched, so the above alias would not match a
    request for <code>http://myserver/imagefoo.gif</code>.  For more complex
    matching using regular expressions, see the <code class="directive"><a href="#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code> directive.</p>

    <p>Note that if you include a trailing / on the
    <var>url-path</var> then the server will require a trailing / in
    order to expand the alias. That is, if you use</p>

    <dl><dd><code>Alias /icons/ /usr/local/apache/icons/</code></dd></dl>

    <p>then the url <code>/icons</code> will not be aliased.</p>

    <p>Note that you may need to specify additional <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code> sections which
    cover the <em>destination</em> of aliases.  Aliasing occurs before
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code> sections
    are checked, so only the destination of aliases are affected.
    (Note however <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location">&lt;Location&gt;</a></code>
    sections are run through once before aliases are performed, so
    they will apply.)</p>

    <p>In particular, if you are creating an <code>Alias</code> to a
    directory outside of your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>, you may need to explicitly
    permit access to the target directory.</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
        Alias /image /ftp/pub/image<br />
        &lt;Directory /ftp/pub/image&gt;<br />
        <span class="indent">
            Order allow,deny<br />
            Allow from all<br />
        </span>
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>


</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AliasMatch" id="AliasMatch">AliasMatch</a> <a name="aliasmatch" id="aliasmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps URLs to filesystem locations using regular
expressions</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AliasMatch <var>regex</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>, but makes use of
    <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
    instead of simple prefix matching. The
    supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path, and
    if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
    matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
    example, to activate the <code>/icons</code> directory, one might
    use:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AliasMatch ^/icons(.*) /usr/local/apache/icons$1
    </code></p></div>

    <p>It is also possible to construct an alias with case-insensitive
    matching of the url-path:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AliasMatch (?i)^/image(.*) /ftp/pub/image$1
    </code></p></div>


</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Redirect" id="Redirect">Redirect</a> <a name="redirect" id="redirect">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Redirect [<var>status</var>] <var>URL-path</var>
<var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>The Redirect directive maps an old URL into a new one by asking
    the client to refetch the resource at the new location.</p>

    <p>The old <em>URL-path</em> is a case-sensitive (%-decoded) path
    beginning with a slash.  A relative path is not allowed.  The new
    <em>URL</em> should be an absolute URL beginning with a scheme and
    hostname, but a URL-path beginning with a slash may also be used,
    in which case the scheme and hostname of the current server will
    be added.</p>

    <p>Then any request beginning with <em>URL-Path</em> will return a
    redirect request to the client at the location of the target
    <em>URL</em>.  Additional path information beyond the matched
    <em>URL-Path</em> will be appended to the target URL.</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
      Redirect /service http://foo2.example.com/service
    </code></p></div>

    <p>If the client requests <code>http://example.com/service/foo.txt</code>,
    it will be told to access
    <code>http://foo2.example.com/service/foo.txt</code>
    instead.  Only complete path segments are matched, so the above
    example would not match a request for
    <code>http://example.com/servicefoo.txt</code>.  For more complex matching
    using regular expressions, see the <code class="directive"><a href="#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code> directive.</p>


    <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
    <p>Redirect directives take precedence over
    Alias and ScriptAlias directives, irrespective of their ordering in
    the configuration file.</p></div>

    <p>If no <var>status</var> argument is given, the redirect will
    be "temporary" (HTTP status 302). This indicates to the client
    that the resource has moved temporarily. The <var>status</var>
    argument can be used to return other HTTP status codes:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>permanent</dt>

      <dd>Returns a permanent redirect status (301) indicating that
      the resource has moved permanently.</dd>

      <dt>temp</dt>

      <dd>Returns a temporary redirect status (302). This is the
      default.</dd>

      <dt>seeother</dt>

      <dd>Returns a "See Other" status (303) indicating that the
      resource has been replaced.</dd>

      <dt>gone</dt>

      <dd>Returns a "Gone" status (410) indicating that the
      resource has been permanently removed. When this status is
      used the <var>URL</var> argument should be omitted.</dd>
    </dl>

    <p>Other status codes can be returned by giving the numeric
    status code as the value of <var>status</var>. If the status is
    between 300 and 399, the <var>URL</var> argument must be present,
    otherwise it must be omitted. Note that the status must be
    known to the Apache code (see the function
    <code>send_error_response</code> in http_protocol.c).</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
      Redirect permanent /one http://example.com/two<br />
      Redirect 303 /three http://example.com/other
    </code></p></div>


</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectMatch" id="RedirectMatch">RedirectMatch</a> <a name="redirectmatch" id="redirectmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external redirect based on a regular expression match
of the current URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectMatch [<var>status</var>] <var>regex</var>
<var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#redirect">Redirect</a></code>, but makes use of
    <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
    instead of simple prefix matching. The
    supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path, and
    if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
    matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
    example, to redirect all GIF files to like-named JPEG files on
    another server, one might use:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      RedirectMatch (.*)\.gif$ http://www.anotherserver.com$1.jpg
    </code></p></div>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectPermanent" id="RedirectPermanent">RedirectPermanent</a> <a name="redirectpermanent" id="redirectpermanent">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external permanent redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectPermanent <var>URL-path</var> <var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
    permanent (status 301). Exactly equivalent to <code>Redirect
    permanent</code>.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RedirectTemp" id="RedirectTemp">RedirectTemp</a> <a name="redirecttemp" id="redirecttemp">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sends an external temporary redirect asking the client to fetch
a different URL</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RedirectTemp <var>URL-path</var> <var>URL</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is
    only temporary (status 302). Exactly equivalent to
    <code>Redirect temp</code>.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ScriptAlias" id="ScriptAlias">ScriptAlias</a> <a name="scriptalias" id="scriptalias">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps a URL to a filesystem location and designates the
target as a CGI script</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ScriptAlias <var>URL-path</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>The <code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> directive has the same
    behavior as the <code class="directive"><a href="#alias">Alias</a></code>
    directive, except that in addition it marks the target directory
    as containing CGI scripts that will be processed by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>'s cgi-script handler. URLs with a case-sensitive
    (%-decoded) path beginning with <var>URL-path</var> will be mapped
    to scripts beginning with the second argument, which is a full
    pathname in the local filesystem.</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Example:</h3><p><code>
      ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /web/cgi-bin/
    </code></p></div>

    <p>A request for <code>http://myserver/cgi-bin/foo</code> would cause the
    server to run the script <code>/web/cgi-bin/foo</code>.  This configuration
    is essentially equivalent to:</p>
    <div class="example"><p><code>
      Alias /cgi-bin/ /web/cgi-bin/<br />
      &lt;Location /cgi-bin &gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
      SetHandler cgi-script<br />
      Options +ExecCGI<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Location&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <div class="warning">It is safer to avoid placing CGI scripts under the
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> in order to
    avoid accidentally revealing their source code if the
    configuration is ever changed.  The
    <code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> makes this easy by mapping a
    URL and designating CGI scripts at the same time.  If you do
    choose to place your CGI scripts in a directory already
    accessible from the web, do not use
    <code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code>.  Instead, use <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code> as in:
    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cgi-bin &gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
      SetHandler cgi-script<br />
      Options ExecCGI<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>
    This is necessary since multiple <var>URL-paths</var> can map
    to the same filesystem location, potentially bypassing the
    <code class="directive">ScriptAlias</code> and revealing the source code
    of the CGI scripts if they are not restricted by a
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">Directory</a></code> section.</div>


<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../howto/cgi.html">CGI Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ScriptAliasMatch" id="ScriptAliasMatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a> <a name="scriptaliasmatch" id="scriptaliasmatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps a URL to a filesystem location using a regular expression
and designates the target as a CGI script</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ScriptAliasMatch <var>regex</var>
<var>file-path</var>|<var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_alias</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive is equivalent to <code class="directive"><a href="#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code>, but makes use of
    <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>,
    instead of simple prefix matching. The
    supplied regular expression is matched against the URL-path,
    and if it matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized
    matches into the given string and use it as a filename. For
    example, to activate the standard <code>/cgi-bin</code>, one
    might use:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin(.*) /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin$1
    </code></p></div>

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